mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi yokhazikika bwanji? Kodi ndi gawo lotsatira lopulumutsa mapulaneti?
mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo yamagetsi komanso vuto la mafuta oyaka,mphamvu ya nyukiliya imatulukanso ngati njira yopanda mpweya komanso yothandiza kupanga mphamvu, koma, ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya, kudzera mu fission kapena fusion. Zimagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yaikulu yotulutsidwa ndi maatomu omwe ali mu nyukiliyasi ya atomu.Imapanga mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga magetsi kapena kupangira magetsi pazida zina.
Imeneyi ndi mphamvu imene ili mu phata la atomu.Ma atomu ndi tinthu tating'ono kwambiri ta chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi mankhwala a chinthucho. Khothi la atomu limapangidwa ndi ma protoni ndi ma neutroni. Chiwerengero cha ma protoni mu nyukiliya chimatsimikizira chinthucho. Mwachitsanzo, maatomu onse a carbon ali ndi ma protoni asanu ndi limodzi munyukiliyasi yawo.
Mphamvu imeneyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga magetsi.Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito uranium kupanga magetsi. Uranium ndi chitsulo chomwe chimapezeka m'miyala padziko lonse lapansi. Ma atomu a uranium amagawikana m'njira yotchedwa nuclear fission. Izi zimatulutsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi, kupanga nthunzi, ndi kutembenuza ma turbines. Ma turbines amapanga magetsi omaliza.
Mphamvu ya nyukiliya inayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900 pamene asayansi anatulukira kuti maatomu amatha kugawikana.Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti m’zaka za m’ma 1950 akhazikitse malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya. Makina opanga magetsiwa amagwiritsa ntchito uranium kupanga magetsi, monga takufotokozerani kale.Linapangidwa kuti lipereke njira ina yopangira magetsi omwe analipo panthawiyo.
Tsopano popeza mukuzindikira pang'ono kuti mphamvu zamtundu uwu ndi chiyani komanso momwe zidayambira,mutha kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe tikambirana, choncho khalani maso.
n’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu ya nyukiliya imaonedwa kuti ndi yoipa?
Takambirana za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe maatomu ang'onoang'onowa angatulutse, ndipo sitinakambiranebe momwe zingakhalire njira yosamalira zachilengedwe, komabe,Choyamba tiyenera kupeza zifukwa zomwe mphamvu zamtunduwu zimaonedwa kuti ndizoyipa:
Nthawi zina amaonedwa kuti ndi oipa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, ndi okwera mtengo kupanga ndi kukonza malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya.Chachiwiri, magetsi amenewa amatulutsa zinyalala za radioactive zomwe ziyenera kutayidwa mosamala. Chachitatu, pali chiopsezo cha ngozi, chomwe chingatulutse cheza choopsa m'chilengedwe. Pomalizira pake, zida za nyukiliya zikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a nyukiliya, zomwe zimabweretsa chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa nyukiliya.
Ngozi ya ku Chornobyl inali ngozi yaikulu ya nyukiliya yomwe inachitika pa April 26, 1986, pa Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant ku Pripyat, Ukraine. Ngoziyi inachititsa kuti anthu opitirira 100,000 asamuke ndipo ena ambiri anafa.
Ngoziyi inakhudza kwambiri maganizo a anthu pa nkhani ya mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndipo anthu ambiri tsopano akutsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya. Ngoziyi idapangitsanso kuti akhazikitse malamulo okhwima oteteza mafakitale a nyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma ngati mwawona filimu yokhudzana ndi ngoziyi, mukudziwa kale kuti idapangidwa chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwakukulu komanso kusowa kuwonekera kwa a Soviet, omwe sanafune kuzindikira kuti pali vuto loyambira,zomwe zikanabweretsa tsoka lalikulu kwambiri ngati sikunali kwa anthu olimba mtima omwe anayimirira chifukwa cha kontinenti yonse ya ku Europe.
Zonsezi, izi ndi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe mphamvu zamtundu uwu zimawonekera ndi maso oipa,ndi zochita za maboma omwe amachitapo kanthu kuti anthu azikhala "osangalala" m'malo mochita zinthu mwanzeru komanso kuchita zomwe zili bwino.
mmene mphamvu nyukiliya kwenikweni zisathe
Tsopano popeza takambirana chifukwa chake mphamvu yochokera ku maatomu imawonedwa ndi maso oyipa,tikuwuzani ngati ilidi bwino ndi chilengedwe komanso ngati ingapulumutse dziko lapansi:
Mphamvuyi ndi yokhazikika chifukwa imapanga mphamvu zambiri ndi malo ochepa a chilengedwe. Mosiyana ndi mafuta oyaka, mphamvu za nyukiliya sizitulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.Zopangira magetsi zimakhalanso ndi malo ochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala njira yokhazikika yopangira mphamvu.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimakhalanso zotetezeka kwambiri. Choyamba, magetsi amapangidwa ndi magawo angapo achitetezo kuti apewe ngozi.Chachiwiri, zinyalala za radioactive zochokera ku magetsi zimayendetsedwa mosamala ndikuyang'aniridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti siziika chiopsezo ku thanzi la anthu kapena chilengedwe. Pomaliza, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zimenezi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko lapansi umene umatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, kuupanga kukhala mphamvu yoyera ndi yosachiritsika.
Amaonedwanso kuti ndi mtsogolo chifukwa ndi gwero lamphamvu komanso labwino. Malo opangira magetsiwa samatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo amatha kupanga magetsi popanda kutulutsa zinthu zowononga mpweya.Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu yamtundu uwu ndi mphamvu yodalirika yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi. Ndikwabwino kwambiri kwa chilengedwe kuposa mafakitale opangira malasha ndi malo ena opangira magetsi oyaka.
Pomaliza, ndiwo njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe tili nayo pakadali pano, kukhala yabwino kwambiri kuposa njira ina iliyonse yopangira mphamvu., ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi chidziwitso chomwe taphunzira kuchokera ku zolakwika zathu zina zapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamtundu uwu ndi yotetezeka kwambiri pakadali pano,anthu ambiri amafa pachaka chifukwa cha makina opangira mphepo (anthu 170 / chaka) kuposa chifukwa cha mphamvu ya atomu.
nyukiliya mphamvu: France vs Germany
Tsopano popeza mukudziwa momwe maatomu amatha kupanga mphamvu zoyera komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri,Tikupatsirani zitsanzo ziwiri zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake pankhaniyi, ndi momwe aliyense wa iwo adachitira:
France yakhala ikutsogolera mphamvu zamtunduwu kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo pakali pano imalandira pafupifupi 75% ya magetsi ake kuchokera ku maatomu. Dzikoli laziika patsogolo kuti lichepetse kudalira mafuta obwera kuchokera kunja komanso kuti lipereke magetsi opanda ukhondo.France yakhalanso mtsogoleri pakupanga ukadaulo ndipo pakali pano ikugwira ntchito pamagetsi am'badwo wotsatira.
Pakalipano, boma la France laika ndalama zambiri mu mphamvu ya atomu ndipo lakhala likugwira ntchito kuti lipange bizinesi yokhazikika ya nyukiliya. Kuti izi zitheke, boma lakhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zingapo zothandizira gawoli.Mwachitsanzo, boma lakhazikitsa thumba lapadera lothandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko komanso lakhazikitsa ndondomeko yolimbikitsa msonkho kuti ilimbikitse ndalama mu mphamvuyi.
Boma la France likuyesetsanso kupanga msika wapadziko lonse waukadaulo wawo.Kuti izi zitheke, boma likugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mayiko ena pokonza malo opangira magetsi komanso kugulitsa luso lakelo kumayiko ena.Ponseponse, boma la France likudzipereka ku mphamvuzi ndipo likugwira ntchito kuti likhale gawo lalikulu la kusakaniza mphamvu za dziko.
Kuyimirira kwa France kumatsutsana ndi dziko loyandikana nalo la Germany, yemwe m'zaka zaposachedwa wakhala mtsogoleri pa nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndipo wakhala akulimbikitsa kwambiri kuti pakhale mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera.Mkupitilira apo, dzikolo lakhalanso lothandizira kwambiri pamakampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, pomwe zida zopitilira 12 zikugwira ntchito pano.
Pambuyo pa ngozi ya nyukiliya ya 2011 ya Fukushima Daiichi ku Japan, Germany idalengeza kuti idzathetsa zida zake zonse kumapeto kwa 2022. mphamvu zotayika.Magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mwina atenga gawo lalikulu pakukwaniritsa zosowa zamphamvu zaku Germany mtsogolomo. Dzikoli lili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa, ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse pakupanga matekinoloje amagetsi osinthika.
Lingaliro la boma la Germany losiya ma reactors awo limachokera ku mantha pakati pa anthu aku Germany amtundu uwu wa mphamvu, koma sizinayende bwino, ngakhale pafupi ndi bwino.Pakhala pali nthawi zambiri pamene mphamvu yamagetsi inali yaikulu kwambiri kuti isagwiritsidwe ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, zomwe zimakakamiza boma kuti liwotche malasha m'mafakitale opangira magetsi kuti awonjezere kupereka, monga momwe mukudziwira kale ndi mawonekedwe oipitsitsa komanso oipitsa kwambiri. za mphamvu zomwe zilipo.
Boma la Germany lakakamizika kusiya zolinga zake zothetsa mphamvu ya atomiki dzikolo litakhudzidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi kambirimbiri. Kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi, komwe kunakhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, kunayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa mphamvu ya mphepo.Ndi magetsi omwe amapereka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a magetsi a dziko, kuzimitsa kwa magetsi kwachititsa kuti mitengo yamagetsi ikhale yowonjezereka komanso kuchepa kwa chidaliro mu gawo la mphamvu za Germany.
Nduna ya zamagetsi mdzikolo, Sigmar Gabriel, yati kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi kwawonetsa kuti dzikolo silingathe kuchita popanda mphamvu ya nyukiliya pakanthawi kochepa. Ndondomeko ya U-turn in iyi ikuyenera kukhala yokwera mtengo, chifukwa boma la Germany ladzipereka kale kuti litseke zida zonse za nyukiliya mdziko muno pofika 2022.Zingathenso kuyambitsa mikangano mkati mwa mgwirizano wolamulira, monga kumanzere kwapakati pa Social Democrats akutsutsa kwambiri mphamvu za nyukiliya.
Osatchulanso tanthauzo la tsogolo la dzikolo poganizira za ndale zomwe akukumana nazo, pomwe dziko la Russia likudula gasi ku continent,anthu aku Germany akumana ndi zovuta zowopsa chifukwa chodalira kwambiri gasi waku Russia komanso zomwe adachita m'mbuyomu kuti athetse magetsi awo.
Kuti tifotokoze zonse, nthawi yatiuza kuti kuima kwa France pa mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndikwabwino kwambiri osati kwa chilengedwe, komanso kukhulupirika ndi chitetezo cha dziko, ndi ubwino wa anthu;komanso kuti tisamaope mphamvu ya atomiki kwambiri, tiyenera kuwongolera chuma chathu kuti mphamvu zamtunduwu zikhale zoyera komanso zotetezeka kuposa momwe zilili kale.
mwachidule
Tikukhulupirira kuti mwaphunzira lero zonse za mphamvu ya nyukiliya komanso momwe ilili gwero lamphamvu lokhazikika komanso lodalirika, popeza mukudziwa izi, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwitse anthu pankhaniyi, njira imodzi yochitira izi ndikugawana nawo nkhaniyi. anzanu kapena kulankhula nawo pa munthuyo.IneNgati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zamaphunziro ena ofunikira, monga mafashoni ochepera komanso vuto lamakampani opanga mafashoni, tikukupemphani kuti muwone zolemba zomwe zili pansipa kapena kuti mungoyang'ana zathu.blog, pomwe tili ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana 100 zomwe mungakonde!
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